你不喜欢香草的香味吗?大多数人做的。In fact, the United States is thesecond largest consumer of vanilla per capita worldwide.
While much of the world’s vanilla extract is synthetic, gourmet chefs and foodies alike know there is nothing like the flavor of pure, natural vanilla to add a smooth, rich taste to sauces, cookies, cakes, and everyone’s favorite, ice cream.
一种蓬勃生长,藤蔓兰花,香草植物是唯一的兰花种植的商业产品。While there are more than 100 different species of vanilla orchid native to tropical climates worldwide, the most popular varieties includeVanilla planifoliaandVanilla pomponawhich are native to Mexico, Central, and South America.
Of the different species of vanilla,Vanilla planifoliais the fasting growing and most productive of vanilla orchids. The plant presents long alternating evergreen leaves that grow up to 8 inches long in the plant’s native habitat.
依附的香草藤蔓会开出淡绿色黄色的小花。当香草植物生长在本土以外的地方时,花必须人工授粉,以确保最大程度的结果。花总状花序发展多达20个单独的花,尽管单个花只开花一天。
Related Post:How to Care for Orchids
Vanillin, a valuable flavor compound, is the primary constituent of natural vanilla extract and comes from the seeds of the vanilla pod. Vanillin is more than a flavoring agent: vanillin is also an anti-convulsant and an anti-oxidant. If you’re up for the challenge of growing and harvest vanilla, read on to learn more about growing conditions and tips for this beautiful orchid.
Vanilla Plant Growing Conditions
Vanilla orchids grow best in a highly humid tropical environment. In fact, in its ideal habitat, vanilla orchid vines can reach lengths of more than 300 feet. Orchids of all kinds, and especially vanilla orchids, require fertile soil, a moist warm environment, and filtered sunlight.
Although vanilla orchid plants flourish in tropical areas in several parts of the world includingUSDA Plant Hardiness Zones 10 and 11, the majority of commercial vanilla production takes place in Madagascar and Mexico.
How to Grow Vanilla Plants
In colder climates, vanilla orchids can be successfully cultivated as a houseplant. However, it is a bit tricky as orchids often fail to flower or produce fruit in the typical home environment.
Correct light, temperature, and humidity levels are crucial. Homesteaders who want to grow vanilla orchids have the best results in a greenhouse where moisture, temperature, and humidity can be monitored and controlled.
Keep in mind that if you are growing vanilla orchids, they are a vining plant that requires support. Orchid plants growing on a wire frame, plastic, wood, or other non-organic support, thrive equally well as orchids grown on living trees. However, note that if its connection to the soil is severed, the plant will die.
Planting Vanilla Plants
One of the most important steps to cultivating a healthy and productive vanilla plant is to make sure that the vanilla orchid is planted correctly. Select an orchid pot with excellent drainage. Fill the pot halfway with the terrestrial orchid mixture and fir bark.
Related Post:Self-Watering Planters
Trim off approximately one-third of the roots of the orchid plant with sanitized scissors or a sharp, sterile knife. Place the plant in the orchid pot and fill it up with the fir bark mixture.
How to Maintain Your Vanilla Plant
Keep your plants in a warm and brightly lit area out of direct sunlight to avoid burning the tender leaves. It’s also essential to keep vanilla orchids out of drafts from open windows, air conditioners, or the furnace.
When they’re grown indoors, all orchids, including vanilla orchids, do best when they’re grouped together with other houseplants and placed on a pebble tray kept partially full of water to add moisture to the air.
A rapid grower, vanilla orchids demand food. Fertilize your vanilla plant bi-weekly with diluted orchid fertilizer. Vanilla orchid plants also require a lot of moisture. However, it is important to be consistent to make sure the plant roots are kept evenly moist while allowing the top couple of inches of soil to dry out completely between watering.
Harvesting Vanilla Plant Pods
The vanilla pods, which grow to a length of 6 to 9 inches, are ready for harvest approximately 8 to 10 months after the flowers first appear. The long brownish seedpods are harvested when mature but not fully ripe. The most expensive beans are harvested daily from vanilla plant pods allowed to ripen on the vine.
Green pods, picked early, are cured and fermented to improve the fragrance and flavor of the more than 200 natural chemical compounds that make up the complexity of the desired vanilla flavor.
Make Your Own Vanilla Extract
如果你想省钱,又想满足于自己制作香草精,你可以使用自己的香草荚,或者在网上或当地的新鲜市场批量购买香草豆。
Making vanilla extract at home saves as much as 2 dollars an ounce over the store-bought price for pure and natural vanilla. All it takes is quality vodka and patience. You may opt to use rum, bourbon or brandy, but regardless, alcohol is required as a solvent to leech the flavor from the beans.
在制作香草精的时候,我比较喜欢用伏特加,因为它的性格比较中性,酒精的味道不会影响香草精的味道。
Directions
- Place 6 to 10 vanilla beans in a sterile one-quart glass canning jar.
- Cover the beans with your choice of alcohol, making sure the beans are completely submerged in the liquid.
- Let the vanilla beans soak for 8 to 12 weeks, shaking the jar vigorously once a week.
When you use vodka, it is easy to tell when the vanilla extract is ready to use because the clear liquid will turn a deep golden brown color when it’s finished.
当提取过程完成后,将提取液转移到有密封盖子的小玻璃瓶中,用于存储或赠送礼物。
Types of Natural Vanilla
There are many diverse varieties of vanilla, each with a distinctly different flavor that pairs best with different types of dishes.
- 印尼香草有温和的泥土味和烟熏回味。
- Vanilla from Tahiti has a semi-sweet, mild flavor with a subtle, lingering fragrance. It is also the most expensive vanilla and a crucial ingredient preferred by chocolatiers.
- Mexican vanilla extract, with a strong scent and spicy aftertaste, pairs best with chocolate and cinnamon flavored baked goods.
The Search for the World’s Purest Vanilla
曾经有一段时间,世界上用于食品和药品的几乎所有纯香草精都来自墨西哥。它被认为是几百年来最好最纯净的香草。
However, by allowing the mislabeling of artificial vanillas, Mexican vanilla lost is credibility, and gourmet chefs looked elsewhere for the pure extract.
Mexico controlled the production of vanilla worldwide because of the Melipona bee, a very small, stingless pollinator that is only found in Mexico. Although commercial vanilla production was attempted in several other tropical countries, attempts at commercial production proved unsuccessful.
It wasn’t until a young slave named Edmond Albiusinvented hand pollination of the vanilla orchid blossomsin 1832, that Madagascar commercial vanilla orchid production proved successful. He was only 12 at the time he came up with this revolutionary technique on what was then the Island of Bourbon.
Processed using the “Bourbon” curing method, vanilla beans from Madagascar retain high moisture content with a distinctive aroma and flavor profile. Aromatic Madagascar Bourbon vanilla is dark, rich and creamy with a sweet buttery aroma.
20世纪60年代,马达加斯加的香草产量超过了墨西哥,从那时起,马达加斯加的香草豆产量一直领先于其他所有香草种植国。今天,说到香草,马达加斯加及其属地爪哇、锡兰、留尼汪、毛里求斯、留尼汪和塞舌尔群岛统治着世界。
References:
- Vanillin, United States Library of Medicine
- Vanilla Orchid, Purdue University Horticulture
- Sample Records For orchid vanilla planifolia, Science.gov
- Plant of the Week: Vanilla, University of Arkansas Extension
- Vanilla Orchid Care – How to Grow Vanilla Orchid, Gardening Know How
Wren Everettsays
我一直在考虑生产我们自己的香草(一旦我们建好温室),这很可能说服我尝试它。这听起来像是一个挑战,但却是值得的!而拥有一株美丽的兰花作为奖励,就能让我们达成协议。你知道有什么资源详细介绍了如何手工授粉吗?谢谢!