Getting Started With Self-Sufficient Living (And Why It IS Possible)

自给自足。在我们的家园中，还有什么词能承载如此沉重的历史、责任和希望呢?

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Visions of lush,productive gardens, cozy wood stoves crackling with hand-split hardwood, provisions lining the pantry shelves, and healthy animals moving through the fields; all dance in our heads backed by the resounding questions: Is it actually possible? What do I need to do to get there? How did the homesteaders of the past make it work?

On our homestead, self-sufficiency has been the name of the game from before we even found our property. And as we have pursued this goal, I’ve been shocked by the amount of naysaying we’ve faced every time we bring up the topic — being told we’re building castles in the sky, that no one was ever really self-sufficient, or that it’s impossible for modern people to become so.

I completely disagree. I am fully convinced that modern people can rediscover the knowledge once held by peasants, farmers, and villagers the world over. It just requires a total willingness to give up the consumerist way of life we’ve inherited, and strive for something different. Something more sustainable in all senses of that word, and not just the trendy version of it.

For the past seven years, I’ve embarked on the quest of self-sufficiency, and I’m positive it is no holy grail forged of unobtanium. Sit down with me for a minute — let’s talk about what it takes to get started on this adventure.

What Is Self-Sufficiency?

I have seen the term thrown around in incredibly varied and often self-contradicting manners. So before I delve in, I want to define self-sufficiency as I’ll be referring to it throughout this article.

This is the definition I’m striving toward, and remember, this is my personal, long-mulled and hard-fought-for view as someone currently “in the trenches.” If you disagree with my self-sufficiency semantics, I would love to discuss it with you further in the comments below.

Real Self-Sufficiency IS:

• Being a producer
• Providing for your daily needs with things and food created by your own land and animals
• Being debt-free which allows for every bit of your energy and resources to go toward your land and family
• Having enough land to support you and your animals’ needs
• Living off-gridand knowing how to maintain your own systems
• Being mentally stable in the face of challenges and willing to figure out how to solve them
• Enjoying the life you’re working so hard to create

Related Post:Free Land: Where and How to Find It

Real Self-Sufficiency is NOT:

• Being a consumer
• Trucking in land fertility, animal food, or dietary staples from outside sources
• Depending on the grid to accomplish your daily tasks
• Living in a vacuum and acting as if the community available around you doesn’t exist
• Relying on purchased dried or canned food stores without the ability to replenish them yourself
• Believing that your problems can only be solved by “professionals”
• Telling everyone you’re working yourself to the bone “just to get by” … and waiting for their sympathy

To sum up, I believe self-sufficiency is developing the mental and physical fortitude and practices that provide for your own needs with your own land, and changing your identity from consumer to producer.

这可能很容易定义，但这是一个终生的旅程。

11 Steps To Take To Start The Self-Sufficient Transition

Those who want to start living in a more self-sufficient manner have many good reasons to do so. Whether you are motivated to take less of a toll on the environment by your style of living, feel sick of the dependency that modern society has doled out to you as the “way to live,” want to eat safe, clean, organic food in a sustainable matter, or just wish to simplify and get back in touch with what it means to actually live in this silicon-buzzing, technological era, the important thing is to start the process … and start it now.

Make it an adventure. See what you can reclaim and add to your repertoire as the seasons and years progress. Every step forward is a success, no matter how small at the outset.

The most obvious place to start, in my opinion, is with food. Self-sufficiency can and does cover many areas beyond food, but it is probably the foundation of the entire endeavor. As the process of taking your nutritional and living needs into your own hands progresses, you’ll start adding other ways of caring for yourself and your family to your growing list of skills.

Making your own clothes, curing your own soap, building your own house, becoming more medically skilled, learning how to use manual tools that don’t require gas or diesel, and other worthy abilities, are worth discussing and pursuing.

在下面的书单中，我有很多关于这些技能的资源，但为了这篇文章的目的，我将主要集中在食物和水，以及至关重要的(但几乎没有讨论)，在这些领域自给自足所需的精神态度。

Physical Steps Toward A Self-Sufficient Life

1. Start An Organic Garden, Expand It Every Year

Growing your own fruits and vegetables is crucial to providing the vitamins, minerals, and delicious flavors that make dinner something to savor. If you haven’t done it, start gardening now — no matter how much a novice you are — and learn how to manage your plants, rotate crops, and fight the pests local to your area. There are tons of resources and huge communities surrounding you that are willing to help you learn.Lots of articles here on Insteading, too!

Once you get your fingernails dirty, it’s time to look at refining your garden practices. If you can’t rake in a harvest without using fertilizers and pesticides from the store — including “organic fertilizer” (which is not truly organic,as I wrote in an earlier article) or natural pest-deterrents — you’ve found a red flag on your journey to self-sufficiency.

Related Post:5 Compelling Reasons to Turn Your Lawn Into a Meadow

Learning how to compost your land’s plant material (autumn leaves are one of many underutilized resources), recycle nutrients from your animals’ manure, and manage pests with what your land produces (wood ashes can deter slugs and snails, for example) is crucial to making your garden the most it can be.

Of course, no discussion on self-sufficiency is complete without the million-dollar question:你需要多大的花园才能自给自足?The truth is, there’s no viable answer to that question. Gardening styles vary in harvest-per-square-foot, every plant offers different nutrients, and the crops you can grow in your specific climate are as varied as the gardeners growing them.

更重要的是专注于你作为一个园丁和保护者的技能。A garden is only a step to self-sufficiency as far as you can maintain and re-grow it the next year, and preserve the harvest in enough quantity to get you through until the next season.

我的建议是这样的——这也是我自己正在遵循的建议。当我计算需要多少花园空间来养活我自己的家庭时，我专注于一些特定的、关键的作物:西红柿、绿叶蔬菜、南瓜、洋葱和豆类(或任何对你来说是关键的)，这些是你的家庭吃得最多的。找出你一年需要多少钱。

Related Post:Garden Planners

Then, find out how to grow that amount in however much garden it requires … and you have your personal answer. Don’t worry if you don’t harvest enough this year. Work on getting more in consecutive years until you reach that goal. Does that sound like a huge project? It’s because it is! But don’t be intimidated. This step is a huge, exciting challenge, and it’s worth the attempt.

此外，为了扩大你的园艺潜力，我建议种植连续作物，以获得最大的收获。尽可能早地种植耐寒植物，比如羽衣甘蓝、菠菜和豌豆。随着地面变热，种植番茄、辣椒和其他喜热的植物，在它们枯萎时取代它们。

As the year cools down, replant more cold-loving plants to take the place of the frostbitten okra and tomatoes. Be sure to fertilize and reapply mulch with every replacement, and you could get three harvests from a single garden plot!

2. Learn How To Save Seeds, And Which To Save

Once you get your gardening game going, I recommend switching entirely over to heirloom crops. Not only do these old favorites produce some of the most visually stunning vegetables, they also produce seed that is true, unlike the popular hybrids that you often find at the store.

Being able to save seeds from the best of your plants every year will not only give you plants that are specially adapted to your specific climate, but it will also ensure that you can plant the fruits and vegetables you need with the supplies you have.

Annie’s Heirlooms,Baker Creek Seeds, andSeed Savers Exchangeare great places to buy your seeds. The best part is, once you get good at saving seeds, you may never have to buy seeds or starts for those plants again.

Related Post:How To Choose, Collect, And Save Garden Seeds

I use Baker Creek’sHeirloom Life Gardenerand Suzanne Ashworth’sSeed To Seedas resources for knowing how to save seeds. Whether you’re an old pro or a total newbie, both are important resources for those looking to keep their gardens going on their own terms.

3. Find Your Staple Crop And Find Out How Much It Takes To Support A Year

The fresh veggies from the garden and fruits from the orchard are the flavor and colors of a meal, but you won’t have everything you need unless you secure your主食。This is the food that forms the backbone of your diet. Staple food has taken tons of different forms around the world: maize, cassava, rice, wheat, millet, potatoes, and so on.

The key feature of a staple food is that it supplies carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and can be stored well for long periods of time. What does that look like on your land? How do you process and store it? How much do you need to grow? You’ll have to find out.

Part of the mental aspect self-sufficiency that I mentioned includes being “okay” with what that staple ends up being. If you grew up on wheat-based products, but can only get corn or millet to grow on your land, are you willing to relearn everything and start a new life with that dependable staple?

Related Post:Eating Acorns: From Foraging To Cooking & Recipes

If you’re up for the paradigm shift, then you are that much closer to making it work. Studying the cuisines of cultures native to your area — or native to the staple that you’re finding success with — is a gastronomical adventure and may result in some delicious, unique meals that you’ve found nowhere else.

4. Breed Your Source Of Protein And Land Fertility

有些人不同意我的观点，没关系。但我认为，自给自足需要与家养牲畜建立关系。我知道许多狩猎采集群体仅靠狩猎就能养活自己，但这些群体通常不在一个地方。当这种生活方式更广泛的时候，地球更健康，可以养活庞大的、四处游荡的活着的畜群。

我知道我这么说可能是戳马蜂窝，但我不相信你能单靠蔬菜和水果实现长期的自我可持续发展。请注意，我并不是在暗示你不能成为素食主义者或纯素食主义者。我只是在讨论自我可持续发展的条款。如果有任何纯素食者或素食者在没有商店购买的补充剂的情况下能够完全自给自足，我欢迎你的故事!

Additionally, the manures produced by the animals you keep are a vital source of garden fertility, so thenutrient cycleof your land can be complete.

As a side note, I should mention that you can manage good soil fertility with vegetable compost alone. The Nearings ofThe Good Life都热切地致力于此，所以我知道这是可能的。但我对牲畜和人类之间关系的理解与过去不同，如果你把牲畜纳入你的土地肥沃计划，你很快就会发现它们是你的家园生活的重要组成部分。2022欧洲杯葡萄牙vs德国

Related Post:Raising Baby Chicks: A Guide For First-Time “Parents”

Figure out what animals you can and want to raise, and learn how to feed, house, and breed them in a healthy, sustainable way. Whether you choose sheep, fish, goats, chickens, ducks, cattle, or even meat pigeons (yes, that’s a thing), make sure you find a way to use everything they can offer you, not just meat.

同时，把与附近的动物饲养者建立良好的关系作为一个目标，这样你就可以交易繁殖的动物，避免近亲繁殖。每种生物都为土地提供了不同的东西:害虫控制，肥沃，不必要的刷粪转换，等等。

5. Feed Your Animals Entirely From Your Land

For the self-sustaining homestead, producing all the animal feed you need (rather than buying supplemental feed) probably means you’ll never have huge herds and flocks, but you’ll have enough. We work hard to provide our animals with access to forage, and if they can’t free-range safely, we bring that forage to them daily. With fewer animals, this is possible as a daily chore.

You should start practicing the ancient skill of harvesting and curing hay from your own land, and use scythes and rakes if you want to really go for broke. It is quite an enjoyable, even poetic chore. Check outThe Scythe Bookfor a beautifully-written and highly useful write up on this undersung part of sustainable living.

Another important part of the house to consider when it comes to feeding your animals, is whether there are any pets that are a part of your home. Can you find a way to feed your birds, cats, and dogs from resources you can nurture on your land?

6. Store Enough Food To Get You Through The Winter

When I read theLittle House on the Prairieseries as an adult, I got chills. Much of the content of those stories are detailed portraits of people who spent their entire year preparing for the winter, and doing it successfully. I know that people the world ‘round have done this for centuries, but I have never done it. I don’t know how yet!

你可能会发现自己处在一个类似于科技时代的孩子的地方，杂货店和扫雪机让新鲜的西红柿、异国情调的椰子和草莓一年四季都能买到——不管外面的现实是什么。

The learned dependency of a comfortable childhood in the modern age probably taught us nothing about how to do things for ourselves, but that need not be our inheritance.

We can rediscover how to ferment, pickle, preserve, dry, and store provisions. Books likeThe Art of Fermentation,Preserving Food without Freezing or Canning, andStocking Up, can give you the guidance to reclaim these not-entirely-lost arts.

7. Get Your Water Off The Grid

只有有水，你、你的植物和动物才能茁壮成长。2022欧洲杯葡萄牙vs德国如果你的水在电网上，不管什么原因被切断了，你所有的努力都可能，真的，干涸!

I’ve written a long article on all the resources we’ve used while getting our homestead water off-grid, andyou can find it here!

Mental Steps Toward A Self-Sufficient Life

在网上研究“自给自足”，你会看到许多关于这个主题的心理学杂志，它们与花园和堆木头没有任何关系。From apsychologist’s perspective,

“自给自足”是对自己感到安全和满足的品质，是一种根深蒂固的内在完整和稳定的感觉。

The mental approach you assume to live a self-sustaining life is vital to its success. As you make the transition, you may have to confront many issues in yourself: fears, uncertainties, inadequacies, or self-doubt.

On this journey of fortifying your resources, you also need to develop a fortified mind. Pursuing self-sufficiency will force you to learn when you don’t know, try even if you don’t know how it will end, shut down your inner doubting voices, and choose to NOT fear. Talk about a crash-course in real life!

8. Get Out Of Debt

Debt is a mental roadblock as much as it is a financial hurdle. If you are currently paying off student loans or trying to get out of debt, fight as hard as you can to liberate yourself.

If that means canceling your subscription services, forgoing your daily latte, cooking your own food, walking more, and not needing to go out on the town to have a good time — you’re already practicing self-sufficiency! I wrote an article about frugal living that’s full of more good tips.Check it out here.

Related Post:How to Pay Off Debt by Thinking Like a Homesteader: 20 Practical Ideas to Try

9. Never Have A Pity-Me Mentality

Deciding to start the journey of self-sufficiency should have the same feeling as an adventurer setting out into unknown territory. It is full of excitement, anticipation, and maybe a little trepidation, but mostly brave-eyed exploration. No one is forcing you on this journey. It should be an intrinsic desire to live better, more meaningfully, less wastefully, less dependently, and so on.

I’m not going to lie to you, it is hard work — perhaps the hardest you will ever work. But if you want to live this way, and you want to work hard, it is the most satisfying of efforts.

Related Post:5 Questions To Ask Yourself Before You Become A Homesteader

另一方面，如果你想生活得舒适——一根虱子都不沾，中午的时候汗湿你的衬衫，拉一个桶，或者舀一勺便便——而且宁愿把下班后的休息时间花在看Netflix的节目上，这没问题。It just means self-sufficient homesteading is probably not for you.

此外，如果重新学习这些技能的挑战让你不堪重负，或者你开始嫉妒你的“正常”朋友，这是另一个危险信号，停下来，花点时间看看你的动机。也许你想在短时间内做太多事情。

It could be you are lacking a shared end-goal with your family, and they just see it as your “weird project.” Maybe you need to reevaluate why you started it in the first place. A self-victimizing mentality will be the biggest block to your self-sufficiency. So if you are starting to hate where you are, do something about it — even if that means taking a break.

学习如何生产你需要和想要的东西不应该是一种苦差事和折磨。这是一个例子。去年，我决定戒掉咖啡，这是我真正喜欢的东西，但我知道我不能种咖啡，所以我觉得不值得。This didn’t mean I wasn’t allowed to have delicious drinks:finding our acorn-chicory alternative对我的家人来说，这是一个有趣、愉快的过程，没有理由去抱怨!

10. Get Rid Of Your Addictions

The term “addiction” is often only associated with alcohol and drugs. But change that word to “dependence” which has essentially the same meaning, and suddenly you may see it in your life. What would ruin your day if you couldn’t have it? Can you not function without your morning cup(s) of coffee? Would you throw in the (literal) towel if your dishwasher broke down for good?

Do you find yourselfchecking for the presence of your cellphone in your pocket, just to make sure it’s there? If your social media accounts were suddenly vaporized, would you still know how to interact with friends? All these distractions and dependencies, however innocuous they may seem on the surface, are dependent on something you can’t control — and mining you for your time or data.

If you really need something that you can’t produce yourself (and that thing isn’t crucial to life) seriously question whether or not it is taking more from you than it is worth.

11. Eliminate The Concept Of Waste And See It As A Resource

Being able to waste something, toss it in the trash, or flush away what you don’t want to deal with, is a consumerist privilege taken by those who are decidedly not seeking self-sufficiency. In a nutrient cycle of a self-sufficient homestead, there is essentially no waste. Everything is a nutrient that just needs to be put into the next step of the process. To waste “waste” is a waste!

当你自己种植食物时，“扔掉剩菜”的想法变成了一种最严重的犯罪。重新考虑所有不可食用的食物残渣和粪便，使其成为土壤肥力的形成过程，并将其作为这样的路线。

We use our chickens to recycle garden cuttings, spent plants, and inedible food scraps. Chickens are fantastic fertilizer factories! Anything that your chickens can’t eat can go into ahumanure pile(things like chicken bones from the stock, and any fruit and veggie peels that are toxic to them). All of it eventually goes back into the garden or orchard after being safely composted, and the cycle begins anew.

So, Is True Self-Sufficiency Really Possible? A Word About Naysayers

In a word, I believe YES. But you will find many detractors to the notion that a family could provide for their own needs, even though families have done so around the world for centuries. Be discerning about what you read online. If you research “self-sufficient living” (as I have often), you will find articles trying to convince you that it is a pipe-dream, and anyone who is attempting to do so is deluding themselves.

Articles like thosedrive me up a wall because they are strongly-worded, stereotype-driven essays clearly written by people who haven’t even attempted self-sufficiency.Propaganda pieces like this one, written by an author who had a garden for a few years and then called it quits, argue that we need to depend on the government to be truly self-sufficient — an oxymoron that makes my head spin.

Even worse, this articledeclares self-sufficiency is another word for poverty. I’d like the author to join us for one of our homestead breakfasts. We enjoy organic, free-range eggs topped with fermented hot sauce made from garden peppers, and sourdough bread made from organic wheat and foraged acorn flour that we manually grind ourselves. It’s a meal that would probably cost upward of $15 a plate at some hipster-foodie restaurant and that hardly makes us feel impoverished.

I would argue that the modern definition of self-sufficiency has been made far too narrow in the 21st century. In an attempt to avoid facing the lazy choices that they have made (and keep them dependent), detractors are pedantically insisting that self-sufficiency is impossible for the modern man.

The truth is, self-sufficiency is a progression, and a long process of infrastructure-building, skill-acquisition, mental paradigm-shifting, and resource prioritizing. For those of us starting from scratch, it may take a lifetime. But as you start to forge your own independence from all the various outside systems vying for your data, time, and resources, you may see that self-sufficiency doesn’t benefit the economy very well, or keep you under someone else’s direct control. Perhaps that’s why there’s so much online fire against it.

Being self-sufficient does NOT mean that absolutely everything you use can only come from your own hands. Neither does it mean you could totally thrive if dropped off in the middle of the wilderness with nothing. I truly believe that self-sufficiency means that you are able to produce the necessary foodstuffs and items you need to live, that you know how to replenish them, and you aren’t dependent on outside inputs to keep your family, land, and animals alive.

重点是，如果你与外部资源的联系被切断，你还能继续工作。你自己就能充分满足自己的生存需求。自给自足。

But in the meantime, that standard doesn’t mean you’re not allowed to trade with neighbors, use cast-iron pans, wear shoes, go out for ice cream, or go on the internet to work (like I do with these articles).

If I was finally at the stage where we were growing 100% of our food and had secured all of our necessary resources, and we were weaving our own cloth from home-grown wool (future goals), I’d still go to the store and buy a bar of chocolate to enjoy — even though I couldn’t grow the cacao beans ourselves. Chocolate is not a need, so we can totally survive without it. But it’s a wonderful thing to enjoy.

享受我们的生活。通过减轻对环境的影响，在12英亩的教室里快乐，面对迫使我们思考的问题，吃我们遇到过的最新鲜的食物，看着所有这些劳动的果实开始发展，我们每年都在向自给自足的目标靠近——从字面上和比喻上都是如此。

这需要很长时间和大量的工作来运行整个系统。但与此同时，采取措施与你的邻居发展美好的友谊，并向市场上的农民学习。

And just laugh at how you’re hardly living the draconian, isolationist, hardscrabble existence that seems to be the stereotype of folks seeking self-sufficiency. Where did that idea even start?

I hope we all can reach the goal someday, and you’ll agree it is a dang fun adventure; the best sort of life to live.

Self-Sufficiency Library Must-Haves

There is so much more to talk about when it comes to self-sufficiency, but rather than regaling you with my relatively newfound knowledge, I want to point you in the direction of my teachers. Most online articles — this one included — just can’t contain all the information you really need to know true self-sufficiency.

So if like me, don’t know where to find the information needed, books have been a way to fill the knowledge gap left by a lack of cultural training. Though your neighbors may also be a huge help, these old books often hold information that most modern people seem to lack. The following list is books that we own and use on a sometimes weekly basis.

• The Complete Herbal Handbook for Farm and Stable:这是我唯一推荐的关于自给自足的动物护理书籍。茱莉亚非常老派，用你可以在你的土地上种植和喂养的材料来教动物护理的方法。几乎所有的现代书籍都完全依赖于从商店购买的矿物质、饲料和药品。
• The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency: John Seymour’s life work was reconnecting people with the skills and ideas they used to have to live. The link here takes you to a free online version of the book, and it’s well worth your time!
• The Foxfire Series: A huge treasure trove of stories, diagrams, and anecdotes from the self-reliant Appalachians, documented and preserved before their wisdom disappeared with them
• Bittersweet: An Ozark version of the Foxfire project entirely available online.
• The Scythe Book: Cut, harvest, and cure your own hay without any machines.
• Liquid Gold: Turn urine into a resource, not waste.
• The Humanure Handbook: The go-to guide for safely composting human waste into soil fertility (free online, if you want it).
• Rosemary Gladstar’s Medicinal Herbs: A good start for knowing and growing your own medicinal herbs.
• The Forager’s Harvest,Nature’s Garden,Incredible Wild Edibles:我所找到的最好的搜寻书籍。
• Back to Basics(Note: TheHomesteading title in this series is, in my opinion, NOT worth the purchase)
• Tanks, Cisterns, Aquifers, and Ponds: Ways to store off-grid water.
• Create an Oasis with Greywater: Ways to use greywater as a resource, not waste.
• The Bread Builders: Sourdough is the way to go!
• Preserving Food without Freezing or Canning
• Stocking Up
• The Art of Fermentation
• The Art of Natural Cheesemaking
• Basic Butchering of Livestock and Game
• Edible Forest Gardens, Book I and II
• Heirloom Life Gardener
• Seed to Seed
• The Complete Vegetable and Herb Gardener
• Permaculture, a Designers Manual
• Restoration Agriculture
• Keeping Warm With an Axe