Carrots are an easy-to-grow, easy-to-store root crop. Valued for more than a thousand years, the humble carrot gives color, texture, substance, flavor, and life to a diverse array of dishes.
Serve grated to complement salads and sandwiches or chopped to add tone and substance to soups, stews, and casseroles. Sliced, steamed carrots, glazed with butter and a bit of honey, is an ideal side dish to accompany any meat or poultry entrée.
Types Of Carrots
The carrot can be divided into two basic types: Western and Eastern. When carrots were first used as a food source thousands of years ago, they were valued for their seeds and delicate leaves. Oddly enough, their now popular bright orange roots weren’t considered the important part of the carrot!
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胡萝卜可以生拌在沙拉和沙拉里吃,也可以煮、烤、蒸、烤或腌。胡萝卜也是许多乡村葡萄酒的主要原料,也是蛋糕和饼干的美味原料。
橙色胡萝卜是最常见的,紫色胡萝卜是最甜的。数十种不同品种的胡萝卜在颜色、大小、风味、质地和储藏质量上给园丁们提供了多样化的选择。
Eastern Carrots
The Eastern varieties of carrots, native to Persia, were domesticated more than 1,000 years ago. Eastern carrots are typically yellow, red, black or purple and offer a mild minty flavor. Western types, classified by root shape, originated in the Netherlands about 900 years ago. Dutch growers were the first to develop the orange carrot.
Chantenay Carrots
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Chantenay胡萝卜又矮又胖,是一种西方胡萝卜品种,它的顶部很宽,顶端变细,呈圆形。Chantenay胡萝卜有淡橙色的果核,储藏很好。最受欢迎的品种包括红核Chantenay, carson, carson hybrid,宇宙紫,kinko,伦巴,皇家Chantenay,波莱罗和无限。
Nantes Carrots
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Nantes, another Western variety of carrot, is shorter with a round, blunt tip. Popular cultivars include sweetness hybrid, Nelson hybrid, and scarlet Nantes. High in sugar content, the flavorful, sweet vegetable is best served fresh. This brittle type carrot does not store well.
Imperator Carrots
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帝王胡萝卜长而细,含糖量高。受欢迎的品种有帝王58和甘蔗杂交种。这些也是西方的种类。
“Baby” Carrots
The carrots found in produce outlets that are marketed as “baby” carrots are not baby carrots. They are the machine-formed product of larger carrots. The sweet core of large carrots is cut as “baby” carrots, and the remainder is used in soups, stews, and baby food.
Consumers love the convenience but question why they should pay the high price when carrots fresh from the garden, with twice the flavor, are readily available. Home gardeners can enjoy authentic baby carrots by harvesting young carrots as they thin garden carrot rows.
Soil Preparation
Carrots, a hardy root vegetable, are planted in early spring and harvested in the fall. Carrots require nutrient-rich, loose soil that retains moisture but drains well. Carrots cannot thrive in soggy soil.
Carrots also fail to flourish if the soil is too acidic, and they do best in soil with a pH range of 6.0-6.8. Toprevent plant disease, rotate carrot-planting sites. Do not plant carrots in the same soil more often than once every four years.
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如果你想要一份更详细的报告,收集土壤样本,带到你当地的县推广办公室进行营养和pH值分析。
Cultivate the soil to a minimum of 12 inches, removing roots, rocks, clods, pebbles, and debris. Carrots require lots of moisture, plenty of sunshine, soil free from stones, and rich in organic material. If the earth is hard-packed or rocky, carrot roots will be forked, branched, twisted or otherwise deformed.
That being said, deformity in shape does not affect the carrot’s flavor, color, texture, or nutrient content!
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Enhance soil nutrients with a generous addition of well-aged herbivore manure (cow, sheep, horse, mule, llama, goat) or well-rotted garden compost, and work in well. Rake the soil to prepare the surface of the seedbed. Space rows 12-18 inches apart.
Planting Carrots
Root vegetables such as turnips, parsnips, beets, radishes, and carrots are planted directly into the garden early in the spring. Carrot seeds can be planted when soil temperature is as low as 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Good news for you cold-weather homesteads: Young seedlings can tolerate a light frost.
- 胡萝卜种子种植的深度为1 / 2英寸,间隔为1 / 2英寸。使用种子带或颗粒种子,使种植和间苗更容易。
- Cover with soil and water lightly.
- 胡萝卜在一到七天内发芽不均匀。期待在一到三周内看到第一批绿色植物。
- 保持土壤均匀湿润。每天少量浇水,以促进发芽和根系早期发育。
- When carrot plants are 2-3 inches tall, thin seedlings to reduce competition from neighboring plants.
- Clip plants off at the soil level rather than pulling to avoid disturbing nearby plants.
- Thin developing carrots to 2-inch spacing.
从初夏到深秋,每隔两到三周进行多次种植,享受嫩、甜、嫩的胡萝卜。Maximize garden growing space byplanting radisheson top of a carrot crop to define planting rows.
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Radishes are ready for harvest in about five to six weeks. Fast-growing radishes develop before the slower maturing carrots.
记住:浇水是关键!
Correct watering makes the difference between a so-so carrot crop and an abundant harvest. Carrots require a minimum of 1 inch of water a week, either from rainfall or irrigation. Soak the grown thoroughly with each watering to help promote strong root development.
Health Benefits of Carrots
The many scientific studies indicating that eating carrots may helplower the risk of cancerare just one of the many reasons for including carrots in a plant-based diet. Carrots are also an ideal source ofbeta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. Vitamin A is a vital substance, required for healthy vision.
Carrots are cholesterol and fat-free, low in organic sodium, and are anexcellent source of vitaminsB, B6, C, D, E, and K. Carrots are also a healthy source of calcium, potassium, phosphorous, copper, manganese, niacin, folate, and thiamin as well as an ideal source of calcium pectate.
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Calcium pectate is a pectin fiber that scientific studies have shown to havecholesterol-lowering properties. The health-promoting pectin in carrots helps lower serum cholesterol levels because soluble pectin fibers bind to bile acids.
Carotenoids are the organic pigments that give vegetables and fruits their vibrant color.Research studies表明富含类胡萝卜素的饮食有助于降低心血管疾病的风险。注重健康的人遵循从天然食物中提取的富含类胡萝卜素的植物性饮食,他们患各种慢性疾病的死亡率也大大降低。
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Low-calorie carrots are abundant in the carotenoids lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene. Our body converts beta-carotene into vitamin A. Vitamin A plays a critical role in bone growth, reproduction, vision, and regulation of the immune system.
The Benefits Of Cooked Carrots
虽然生胡萝卜又脆又脆是一种美味的小吃,也可以用来做沙拉和沙拉,但煮熟的胡萝卜对健康的好处更多。研究表明,生胡萝卜中只有3%的β -胡萝卜素会在消化过程中释放出来。通过榨汁、制浆、烹饪和添加一点橄榄油,β -胡萝卜素的含量可以提高39%。
β -胡萝卜素是一种强大的抗氧化剂,有助于延缓细胞衰老。2002年发表在《农业与食品化学杂志》上的一项研究报告称,烹饪胡萝卜会增加胡萝卜素的含量。阿肯色大学的一项研究指出,煮熟的胡萝卜的抗氧化能力平均比生胡萝卜高34%。
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A study published by England’sNewcastle University School of Agriculturereports that the potent anti-cancer properties of carrots remain if the vegetable is not cut up before cooking. The study indicates carrots boiled before they are cut, contain up to 25 percent more of the poly-acetylene antioxidant falcarinol, a potent anti-cancer compound.
Containing a high amount of dietary fiber, regular consumption of the root vegetable is an effective, natural remedy for chronic constipation.
Scientific research indicates that the powerfulanti-inflammatory propertiesfound in carrots can also help significantly in reducing the pain and swelling of gout, arthritis, rheumatism, and other painful inflammations.
Based on the number of consumers that purchase carrots on a weekly basis, the sweet and flavorful root is considered America’s favorite vegetable.
Plant Description
Native to the area known today as Afghanistan, carrots (Daucus carota) are part of the plant family Umbelliferae. The name refers to the umbrella-like flowers that distinguish plants in this botanical family.
Other commonly known members of the Umbelliferae family include fennel, anise, parsnips, cumin, caraway, and dill. There are many different varieties of carrots ranging from as small as 2 inches to as long as a yard.
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An herbaceous plant, or in other words a biennial, planted as an annual, containing up to 87 percent water, carrots are orange in color, although some varieties are white, yellow, red, or purple. Carrots have a sweet and mildly minty taste.
虽然野生胡萝卜在世界上许多地方都有发现,但驯化的胡萝卜比野生胡萝卜更有味道,更少木质。胡萝卜的主根和叶子都可以食用。然而,蕨类,中等绿色的叶子相当苦。
References
- Types of Carrots, University of California Berkley Wellness
- Carrots, United States Department of Agriculture
- Growing Carrots And Other Root Vegetables In The Garden, University of Minnesota Extension
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